Biography of a scientist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life story of a researcher - Essay Example His instruction was additionally proceeded in Italy and later in Zurich he got preparing in material science and arithmetic from Swiss Federal Polytechnic School. In the year 1901, he finished his certificate and joined Swiss Patent Office as specialized collaborator, subsequent to accomplishing Swiss citizenship. From there on in an additional four years, he finished his doctorate. While he played out his work as an educator in colleges or as specialized help with any association, he proceeded with his logical functions also. During his expert life, he led a lot of his logical works and furthermore assumed the job of teacher in Physics for a specific timeframe. He had additionally embraced citizenship in Germany and remained there from the year 1914 till 1933. In the year 1940 he moved to America. He sooner turned into a critical open figure in the Movement of the World Government proceeding as a pioneer and he additionally got the proposal for the post of Israel President transport however he didn't acknowledge the offer. He is referred to contribute in religion functions also (Biography). Along these lines his notoriety and acknowledgment for his commitments were notable in the various nations that he remained in. Einstein was engaged in the critical thinking of Physics and took a shot at his hypothesis of relativity for which he is most famously known. He concentrated on the attributes of light and furthermore created the photon hypothesis of light. He likewise distributed his composition on relativity. He dealt with quantum hypothesis too while he was in America. After his retirement, he proceeded with his work on the ideas of material science. His exploration works were distributed that included both logical and non-logical works of him and he likewise got doctorate degrees with respect from the Universities in Europe and America in the subjects of science, medication and theory. Likewise, notwithstanding these, he got a few honors and acknowledgment for his works. The Nobel Prize was granted to him in the year 1921

Lum and Abner Essay -- essays research papers fc

Lum and Abner      What is the main thing you consider when you here of the 1930’s, Amos and Andy or what about Lum and Abner? Lum and Abner weren’t truly expected to do anything with their lives; they were simply having some good times attempting to make a big deal about them selves. They got two of the most renowned individuals from Polk and Montgomery regions: Chet Lauck-Lum, Norris Goff-Abner, and the historical backdrop of Lum and Abner. Chester Lauck was conceived in Alleene, Arkansas, February 2, 1902. (Alleene, Arkansas)(www.mu.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were W.J. what's more, Cora Lauck. (Cate, Micheal, 190) Chet moved to Mena in 1911, where he met Norris Goff. They turned out to be generally excellent companions. Chet lived on Port Arthur Avenue in Mena. His dad possessed the sawmill and was the Union Bank president. Chet went to Mena secondary school. He played baseball, ball, football, and track. He had two more established siblings and one more youthful sister. He moved on from secondary school in 1920. After secondary school, Chet went to the University of Arkansas and got a degree in publicizing. He was the co-editorial manager of the University’s humor magazine and was a Razorback team promoter. After the University of Arkansas, he went to learn at Chicago Institute of Fine Arts. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore) In 1926, Chet wedded Harriet Wood. He had three youngsters: Shirley, Nancy, and Chet Jr.      Norris Goff was conceived in Cove, Arkansas, May 30, 1906. (www.me.net/stemple/page1.htm) His folks were Rome and Dora Goff. (Cate, Micheal, 190) He lived on Reine Street. His dad filled in as a discount food merchant. (Williams, Troy, 70) When Norris was in secondary school, he was quarterback for the football crew. He graduated in 1924. He at that point went to the University of Arkansas and the University of Oklahoma. After school he worked at his fathers’ organization. In 1929, Norris wedded Elizabeth Bullion. They had a kid, Gary, and a young lady, Gretchen. (Stucker, Kathryn Moore)      Waters was the name of the town Chet and Norris began in. Waters seemed like a bog so they changed the name of the town to Pine Ridge, in light of the forested areas and valleys of the Ouachitas. In Pine Ridge there was a sawmill, post office, smithy shop, gristmill, and other vital administrations to the ranch network. The people group began in the mid 1900’s. Lauck and Goff lived near one another. and... ...ette Tips from Abner Peabody.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink. com/~lrcook/lumetiquette.html> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/hunch/ lumab.htm> (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† 1998. On the web. Web. Accessible <http://www.lum-abner.com/> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"Lum and Abner.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www.nidlink.com/~lrcook/ lumnabner.html> (1 Nov. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page1.htm> (30 Sept. 1999). â€Å"National Lum Abner Society home page.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://www. mu.net/stemple/page2.htm> (30 Sept. 1999)  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"Overview.† Online. Web. Accessible <http://asms.k12.ar.us./armem/croach/ overview.htm> (4 Nov. 1999).

Dudamel

Dudamel Late in February, my friend Ashley 12 forwarded me a notice titled Dudamel Open Rehearsal and asked if I would be interested in attending with her. Scrolling through the original message, I saw a comment that Dudamel is cool. So, even though I had no idea whether Dudamel was a music genre, an instrument, a song title, or a composer, I replied Im definitely down! :) and reserved a ticket. A month later, Google Calendar told me that I should meet Ashley at MITs Kresge Auditorium. The theater was PACKED (I thought: wow! this Dudamel thing must be *very* cool!) but we squeezed and sorry! excuse me!d our way in. Flipping through my program, I learned very quickly that Dudamel is not a music genre. Dudamel is not an instrument, or a song title, or a composer. Dudamel is, according to the program bio, Music Director of both the Simón Bolivar Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the impact of his musical leadership is felt on four continents. His guest conducting appearances include the NY Philharmonic and the Munich Philharmonic. Feeling very uncultured, I went on to read that he was voted into the Gramophone Hall of Fame, has won a gazillion awards, is in the Royal Swedish Academy of Music, and was one of Time Magazines 100 most influential people in 2009. Yep. Definitely not a musical instrument. I got a little bored of the laundry list of musical accolades, so it was refreshing and a little surprising to read that Harvard recently awarded him the Q Prize for extraordinary service to children. I was equally surprised to look up and see small children sitting on stage: in the front row, there were 7- and 8-year-olds clutching miniature violins with their feet dangling above the ground. Turns out that the concert was actually an open rehearsal, as part of the Sistema Side by Side seminario series. A seminario is a tradition in Venezuela, where Dudamel is from. According to the program, a seminario is a larger ensemble community. Children from music programs in various neighborhoods and regions frequently come together…to make music together. This particular seminario was made up of: children from the Los Angeles Philharmonic Youth Orchestra (YOLA) who had flown across the country for this event + children from Massachusetts + conservatory students from the Longy School of Music of Bard College. The MA kids and the Longy students were paired up as part of a community program called Side By Side: theyve been rehearsing together every weekend for the past year. They all wore matching black t-shirts that said SIDE BY SIDE in white letters. The timpani pair were particularly adorable; there was a little kid wearing a cast partnered up with a tall young man from Longy, and their height ratio was about 1:2. It was a very strange construction: the intimacy of a childrens orchestral rehearsal up on stage in front of a gigantic audience, led by a famous conductor. The audience was packed with parents, sponsors, and random MIT community members who were on some mailing lists and might not have known a whole lot about what they were walking into. The man in front of me spent the entire rehearsal Facetiming on his iPhone with a woman who I presume was the mother of one of the young performers. Imagine what this meant for Dudamel himself: as my friend Davie 12 (who was also at the concert) put it, he had three different not obviously reconcilable tasks. He had to, as the conductor, run a functional and productive rehearsal. As a performer (and when a Kresge Auditorium-ful of people are watching you, you are performing whether you like it or not) he had to entertain. As the conductor of a performing childrens orchestra, he had to make the children comfortable up there on the stage. Spoiler alert: he did all three, spectacularly. After an introduction that included a thank-you to Rafael Reif for providing space at MIT (WOOOOO! MIT!!!!!) Dudamel finally walked on stage. On his way from stage right to the podium, he shook hands with several of the children and beamed at everybody. When the auditorium fell silent, he asked one of the kids in the front row: its too warm in here! is it okay if I take off my jacket? I guess the kid gave Dudamel his blessing, because Dudamel took off his fancy jacket to reveal a black t-shirt and jeans. He eased himself onto a wooden stool and leaned his elbows on his knees. And just like that, the entire auditorium relaxed too. My first impression of Dudamel was: Wow, Dudamel is adorably awkward. He stumbled over his words, mumbling that he didnt really know the music that well, actually he didnt know the music at all, and what were we even here to play again? Some little kid told him the answer. Oh, okay, he said. You guys will have to lead me, because I dont know the music. Ha! The orchestra were playing the Farandole from Bizets LArlesienne Suite No. 2 and the Finale from Tchaikovskys Symphony No. 5 in E Minor, and so of course Dudamel had both of those pieces totally committed to memory (not to mention he was 110% prepared for the rehearsal). But it was a trick to make the kids more comfortable with him, and it was endearing. He reminded me of Papageno, for those of you familiar with Mozarts Magic Flute he adopted a kind of charming woodland creature quality, perching on the edge of that stool. He occasionally shifted to look over his shoulder and quip to the audience. And then he lifted up his baton, and I realized that Dudamel isnt awkward at all; hes just expertly theatrical. Before long, he had left his stool and was standing up and Papageno was out of my mind; instead, I thought that Dudamel could be a dancer, the way he stood up straight and seemed to have complete control of every single movement. He also had the BEST similes. These two phrases, he would say. They are the same on paper, no? They are like twins. But twins you are still different, a little bit. So we must play them differently. To describe a grand passage, a dancers thumping long legs. To describe a passage of rapid notes, a dancers short scuttling legs. He was really brilliant, and I wish I wrote more of these down, but I was too busy being totally captivated. At the end of the performance, Jamie Bernstein Leonard Bernsteins daughter (WOAH! LEONARD BERNSTEINS DAUGHTER!) presented an award to Dudamel: the Leonard Bernstein Lifetime Achievement Award for the Elevation of Music in Society. With this award, Jamie read aloud from the program, Longy recognizes an artistic leader whose life has been dedicated to inspiring and enriching lives through music. The Bernstein laureate, whether as a performer or teacher and here she broke from the program and said OR BOTH! exemplifies how music can lift spirits, raise the level of culture in society, and transform lives. Dudamel said that he was part of the El Sistema family (the program in Venezuela that inspired Side by Side) and was receiving the award as part of that family and not as an individual. And then it was time to leave. Dudamel got the audience to give an extra gigantic round of applause for the little timpani player. Hes the best timpani player I have ever seen in an orchestra! Dudamel announced. Playing with one hand! (the kid had a cast.) He gave the timpani player a hug, then turned outward and smiled at all of us. I am becoming an old man, he said. Because, when you feel like a father, you are becoming an old man. He left the stage, and the parents in the audience rushed up to be with their kids.

Comparison Essay Between Catcher in the Rye and Death of a...

Pressures In Human Society A common idea presented in literature is the issue of the freedom of the individual in the constant pressures of society. In the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by, Arthur Miller, Willy Loman is a good example of this, as well as a sixteen year old boy named Holden Caulfield in the novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by, J.D Salinger. They are both men living in a controlling society, and feel it is too hard to keep up with all of the expectations. Holden is always looking at the world in a negative way, pointing out the negativity in everyone, and everything around him. Willy on the other hand is an old man with two children, who is constantly pressuring his son Biff Loman to†¦show more content†¦Willy feels the need to provide materialistic things for his family, but doesn’t have the money to do it. . â€Å"Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground.† (Willy, A. Miller, page 122, 1949) This was a quote stated by Willy, referring to seeds; Willy felt that as long as he could provide little things such as seeds, then those things would grow into something bigger and better for Linda, Biff, a nd Happy and then they would be happier. In comparisonthere is another novel The Catcher in the Rye where there is a character named Holden Caulfield. Holden is a sixteen year old boy who has had a different life growing up. He has parents who he barely ever sees and feels completely unattached to, a brother who prostitutes his writing talents for movies in Hollywood, and a younger sister named Phoebe who is the only person he is somewhat caring towards. Holden is a pessimistic teenager. Holden has been kicked out of many of his private schools, he does not try at all in school, and he has no friends. Holden feels the constant pressure to do well, and he hates it, he believes everyone else is phony for wanting to become something they don’t want to become, which is why he tries to rebel by getting kicked out of all of his schools. â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Nobody’d move. . . . Nobody’d be different. The only thing tha t would be differentShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesBarthes’ Observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus

A Comparison Of The Unites States And Canada s Health...

A Comparison of the Unites States’ and Canada’s Health Care System America has a very disorganized and fragmented healthcare system while Canada has a very structured and established system. Since there is no healthcare system in the world that is considered perfect all countries implement polices that they believe will be the most beneficial for their residents, The United States’ and Canada’s systems are both constantly being reformed to fit the current needs their residents however there are strengths and weaknesses for both of the systems. United States Health Care System and it’s Benefits The United States health care system is considered broken because we do not have one universal system. Within the American system there are different types of health insurance such as private, group or self-insurance. The United States works on a fee-for-service system so the providers receive money for every service they provide therefore the medical bills for Americans are significantly high. Before the Affordable Care Act was implemented a few forms of government programs were Medicaid, the Children’s Health insurance Program and Medicare. Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program were to help insure the low income citizens and their children. CHIP and Medicaid are both funded by the government and state but administered by the individual states. CHIP covers children whose family income is up to 200% of the poverty level. Medicaid insures low income citizens but can alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care I ndustry Among The United States1318 Words   |  6 Pagesthe health care industry amongst the world. The educational platform for the United States spells long term success for health care, by growing the next generation of top health care providers. In comparison Germany and Canada also are represented amongst the top 50 medical schools in the world, but lack any representation of the top 10 prestige rankings. 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How to Write an Executive Memo Free Essays

Writing an Executive Memo Your strategy professors have asked the English faculty to cover the executive memo, which you will use in your strategic management class, for two reasons: * The ability to write a short, informative, well-written memo like this will serve you well in your future careers. * Writing a good memo is difficult and requires practice. Students in past strategic management classes have had trouble with the guidelines you’ll see in the following paragraph. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write an Executive Memo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Please read this document carefully and be prepared to demonstrate your understanding during the next class session. An executive memo is a short (no more than 500 words) internal document whose purpose is to make strategic recommendations to a company. The executive memo has 4 parts: the issue, the recommendation, the action plan, and the discussion of alternatives, in that order. When you write your executive memo, there are several important guidelines to keep in mind: * The memo is short, so every word should count. Don’t waste time giving the company information it already has (i. e. , what the company does, how much it’s sold, etc. * It’s important that you present the material in the order given here. This is not creative writing! * Everything in the memo should be connected to the issue at hand: the recommendation, the action plan, and the alternatives should all serve to resolve the issue. * Since the memo focuses on the issue, it is crucial that you state the issue clearly. Starting your memo: the subject line Make sure your subject line encapsulates the main issue of your memo. Section 1: The Issue * The memo should begin with a statement of the strategy problem you will address (i. . , you are defining the problem). This definition is key because it determines the direction which the rest of the memo will take. * It is vital to distinguish between observational information and the problem you want to solve. Be crystal clear and specific about the issue you will address. Your issue section should do the following: * Identify the root problems associated with the issue. * Provide a measure of how significant the problem is. * Provide a sense of how urgent the problem is. * Identify the risk if the issue is not addressed. Section 2: Recommendation(s) This section comes early in the memo because it’s more important that the reader see it than the alternatives. Nevertheless, it’s best to write your alternatives first and choose from among them. * Your recommendation must be one of your alternatives and must relate back to the issue and causes you have defined initially. * State CLEARLY what solution you recommend and briefly why it represents the best alternative. * Normally, the recommendation will be one alternative; however, sometimes it may incorporate one aspect of a second option. Indicate briefly that you understand whatever drawbacks may exist to the solution you have chosen. * Make sure your recommendation is realistic given physical and economic limitations. Section 3: Action plan This section should be a brief bullet list. The action plan is a schedule for the implementation of the recommendations you have made. * The goal of the action plan is to show the reader (your boss) the scope of the activity involved and demonstrate your understanding of what has to be done to complete it. * Since someone else will probably carry out the recommendations, your action plan gives that person a template to follow. Break it up into activity periods – Immediate, Short term, etc. , with days in brackets. This gives the reader a sense of the time period the program will be finished in. Section 4: Discussion of alternatives This section helps the reader understand how you came to your decision and demonstrates that you considered the issue thoroughly. Be sure to present three reasonable alternatives. * The section should begin with a brief introductory paragraph for background; this paragraph should include the basic criteria which the alternatives are judged on. You should then move on to discuss THREE alternatives, which should all have a similar focus: 3 on a new target market, 3 on a marketing strategy, 3 on new distribution channels, etc. * For each alternative , you need to give factors in its favour and the reasons for your rejection, in other words, the pros and cons of each alternative. As you analyze each alternative, keep in mind the risk factor(s) you identified for the issue. * Remember that alternatives and the arguments you make for it must address the issue you have defined. How to cite How to Write an Executive Memo, Essay examples

Biological Warefare Essay Research Paper Imagine sitting free essay sample

Biological Warefare Essay, Research Paper Imagine sitting in a metro auto on the manner to the office for another twenty-four hours of work, when all of a sudden you can non breath. You look about and notice that other people around you are holding the same job. You push and jostle other people aside to seek and acquire to the door, but the doors are sealed shut. Peoples are shouting, shouting and thumping on the doors tyring to acquire out. But no 1 is coming to assist. Peoples are get downing to free consciousness. In this incident there were no proficient mistakes or job with the circulation of air. It was a colourless, odourless, and tasteless chemical agent that was used by terrorists. This narrative really happened in the busy metros of China. Everyone on the metro suffocated to decease. Biological and chemical armories are effectual in extinguishing a big figure of people in a short period of clip. It is economical, efficient and Swift. The victim is incognizant of the chemicals effects. The toxicant gases can be distributed instantly or clip released. As engineering progresss, so does our capableness to plan and fabricate more deadlier and unsafe arms. Biological Warfare Biological arms are the harmful usage of micro beings or toxins that attack a individual or animate beings organic structure at the cellular degree. This is besides called source warfare. These micro beings can do emesis, paroxysms, concerns, nonvoluntary laxation, impair visibleness and can besides be deadly. Biological Engineering allows scientist to make new virus strains that are even more deadly and efficient. Merely a little figure of these beings could kill 1000000s of people in a few seconds, if it is decently distributed. Biological arms have many effectual possibilities. They can do soldiers to go ill and unable to contend. Biological arms can besides infect an enemy # 8217 ; s harvests or H2O supply and damage them. Chemical Warefare Chemical agents affect the nervous system, external respiration, tegument, eyes, nose, or any other organic structure portion. Chemicals come in many forms and sizes, they can be in the signifier of a gas, liquid, sprays and pulverizations. The chemical can be colorless, odorless and tasteless which makes it difficult for a individual to cognize what is traveling on until it is excessively late. Some chemical agents are non lifelessly like tear gas which merely causes a individual to get down coughing, shouting and unable to breath until they catch a fresh zephyr. This gas has been used often by constabulary to halt public violences. But other chemicals can be fatal merely in one breath. History of Biological and Chemical Weapons Biological and chemical armories are non a new tactic to war. Worlds had developed crude signifiers of biological warfare for 1000s of old ages. In Medieval times, cadavers were catapulted into an enemy # 8217 ; s fortress. The organic structure would be infected with a deathly disease that would distribute with the enclosed walls of the palace. This maneuver was used by the Romans. Disease septic organic structures were besides put into watercourse near the enemies castle. This would do the enemies H2O supply infested with deathly micro beings. The oldest record usage of sources warfare dates back to 600 BC, when the Athenians used hellebores ( skunk chou ) to pollute the River Plieisthines. The guardians of Kurha suffered violent diarrhoea that led to their licking. The first usage of toxicant gas was in the Peloponnesian war between 431- 404 BC. The Spartans would fire wood that was saturated with pitch and sulfur, to let go of a sulfur dioxide gas. In 200 BC, a Punic general ord ered his soldiers to withdraw and go forth behind vino poisoned with Mandragoras. Mandragora is a narcotic which makes a individual autumn asleep. The enemy soldiers drank the vino, and while they were kiping the Punic soldiers slaughtered them. The Britains covered North American Indians with covers that were infected with little syphilis. In World War 1, biological and chemical armories started to be used in big graduated table onslaughts. A derelict island named Gruinard, off the seashore of Britain was dedicated to experimenting with biological arms. No 1 is allowed to populate there or even land on the island and all information was regarded classified. The first victims were sheep, they were bought from local husbandmans and shipped to the island. The three taking scientists involved in the experiment were explosive expert, Major Allan Younger, bacteriologist named Dr. David Henderson and Graham Sutton who was in charge of the experimental work. The scientists end was to see if they could make a biological bomb. Writers such as Aldous Huxley and Winston Churchill predicted wars affecting biological arms. Their books told narratives of # 8220 ; Pestilences methodically prepared and intentionally launched upon adult male and animal # 8230 ; Blight to destruct harvests, Anthrax to murder Equus caballuss and cowss, Plague to poison non armies merely but whole districts- such are the lines entirely which military scientific discipline is mercilessly advancing. # 8221 ; The scientists looked like they were in a scientific discipline fiction film with their gum elastic boots, tick baseball mitts and sleek suites. They filled a bomb with brown, thick sludge. Besides known as Anthrax. This virus was considered the most efficient bacteriums for a biological arm because it was really infective and lifelessly. Every sheep exposed to the bomb was killed. # 8220 ; They were irrefutable cogent evidence that biological warfare was no longer merely a nightmare scientific discipline fiction phantasy: it could be made a world. The Gruinard tests proved that sources could be produced, transported, loaded into weaponries and exploded over mark countries without needfully destructing the fragile life beings which spread the infection. # 8221 ; Anthrax could be handily left in a chamber set at a temperature of 20C, and the bacteriums would change over into spores. Spores are a indestructible being which lies dormant until it has contact with a life being. The scientists had mastered the art of cultivating the spores and could get down mass production. A Nipponese ground forces major named Shiro Ishii believed that this was the most effectual manner of contending. He opened a little mill that produced a big mixture of deathly diseases such as typhus, enteric fever, splenic fever, cholera, pestilence, salmonella, lockjaw, botulism, undulant fever, little syphilis, TB, and tularaemia. The measures that were stock piled were tremendous since some diseases could turn of all time twenty four hours. The menace of toxicant gases increased and so did the demand for protection. This led to the first gas masks in 1915. They were besides known as inhalators and were merely a fabric tied around the soldiers face. Soldiers carried a bottle of soda solution or other chemical to wash the fabric providing filtration. The masks provided small protection for soldiers who were take a breathing gas in a four hr onslaught. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 banned the method of bacteriological warfare. The prohibition had the contrary affect and started a biological arm race. Immunization techniques were developed and offered protection against some bacteriums. This besides eliminated the major disadvantage of utilizing biological arms, the throwing stick consequence. This is the possibility of your ain arm back firing against your ain people. The military slang CBW entered the vocabulary in the war. CBW stands for biological and chemical warfare. Biological and chemical were pieced together because the were unconventional methods of onslaught and they had to be maintained by people with scientific and medical accomplishments. The Geneva Protocol The Geneva Protocol was signed on June 17, 1925. It is an of import portion of forbiding arms. There are presently 50 eight states take parting in the Geneva Protocol, such as India, Pakistan, and Cuba. Concerning biological and chemical warfare the Geneva Protocol provinces: # 8220 ; The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, in the name of their several Governments: Whereas the usage in war of smothering, toxicant or other gases, and all correspondent liquids, stuffs or devices, has been rightly condemned by the general sentiment of the civilized universe ; and Whereas the prohibition of such usage has been declared in Treaties to which the bulk of the Powers of the World are Parties ; and To the terminal that this prohibition shall be universally accepted as portion of International Law, adhering alike the scruples and the pattern of states ; Declare: That the High Contracting Parties, so far as they are non already Parties to Treaties forbiding such usage, accept this prohibition, agree to widen this prohibition to the usage of bacteriological methods of warfare and hold to be bound as between themselves harmonizing to the footings of this declaration. # 8221 ; ( Landau, Elaine, 1991 ) How do we protect ourselves? If there of all time is a chemical or biological war, how can people protect themselves from the microscopic aggressors? Peoples can be immunized to certain diseases. However, there might be new viruses that we know nil about and have no defense mechanism against. Immunizing merely protects a individual from one certain virus and we can neer think which virus the enemy will fire at us. Injecting ourselves with every counterpoison known to adult male is non the reply either because a individual could decease from over immunising. In the hereafter, every place might be equipped with gas masks, protective suites for every household member. If an onslaught all of a sudden happened out of the blue, people who were non able to protect themselves within a five square stat mi country would be infected. The cloud of biological or chemical agents would perforate places and other constructions. After the cloud dispersed, people would still hold to worry about H2O and nutrient supply. There migh t besides be the possibility a CBW onslaught would kill barely anyone and merely do impermanent incapacity. This might be because of the bombs hapless coverage. The public presentation of a CBW arm is extremely unsure, and could hold a drawn-out affect on the environment. Here is a list of effectual protection against biological and chemical arms: Respirator or gas mask- Filters, normally made of activated wood coal, must barricade atoms larger than one micrometer. Overgarments are besides recommended to protect against contact with unfastened lesions. Protective shelter- Best if a closed room, ideally insulated with plastic and ventilated with filtered air. Decontamination- Such traditional germicides as methanal are effectual for sterilising surfaces. Vaccination- Must be for specific agent. Some agents require several vaccinations over an drawn-out period before unsusceptibility is conferred. For many agents, no vaccinum is available. Antibiotics- Effective against some but non all bacterial agents ( and non effectual against viruses ) . For some sensitive bacteriums, antibiotic therapy must get down within a few hours of exposure. Before symptoms appear. Detection systems- Merely primary field units presently available for a few specific agents. Research is under manner to spread out the figure of agents that can be detected in battlefield state of affairss or elsewhere. Enemies may establish their chemical and biological missiles at guiltless people in order to decelerate down arms fabrication or nutrient production. However, the people who will be the mark of many chemical and biological onslaughts will be in the forepart lines. They will hold to be equipped with latest technological defense mechanisms. Here are a few of the latest promotions in CBW defense mechanisms: Fuchs- Fuchs is an amphibian, 6 wheeled vehicle with a H2O velocity of 10 kilometers per hour. Manufactured in Germany, this vehicle will go the major component of the United Kingdom # 8217 ; s Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence Regiment. Currently under development at the Chemical Defence Establishment, the vehicle will be equipped with the joint United States and United Kingdom Integrated Biological Detection System. Chemical Agent Monitor ( CAM ) -Level 3- This is a manus held instrument used to supervise taint degrees of CW agents. It is based on Ion Mobility Spectrometry and responds carefully to agent bluess. It detects a scope of nervus, blister, blood and choking agents to low degrees and the degree of toxic jeopardy is calculated by a constitutional microprocessor and shown on a LCD show. A field Alarm Module is available to supply a distant dismay installation and the automatic shift between nervus and blister manners of operation. Nerve Agent Immobilised Enzyme Alarm and Detector-Level 3- This is an automatic dismay system which continually monitors the environing atmosphere to supply hearable or ocular warnings of the presence of nervus agent in either vapor or aerosol signifiers. The equipment consists of a sensor and 3 remote dismaies which operate up to 500 m off from the sensor. Potential Biological Warfare Agents Bacillus anthracis or Anthrax-If bacteriums are inhaled, symptoms may develop in two to three yearss. Initial symptoms resembling common respiratory infection are followed by high febrility, purging, joint aching and laboured external respiration, and internal and external hemorrhage lesions. Exposure may be fatal. Vaccine and antibiotics provide protection unless exposure is really high. Clostridium Botulinum Bacteria-Produces Botulinum toxin, which causes botulism. Symptoms appear 12 to 72 hours after consumption or inspiration. Initial symptoms are nausea and diarrhoea, followed by failing, giddiness and respiratory palsy, frequently taking to decease. Antitoxin can sometimes collar the procedure. Yersinia Pestis- Causes bubonic pestilence, the Black Death of the Middle Ages. If bacteriums reach the lungs, symptoms include febrility and craze. May look in three or four yearss. Untreated instances are about ever fatal. Vaccines can offer unsusceptibility, and antibiotics are normally effectual if administered quickly. Ebola virus- Highly contagious and deadly. May non be desirable as a biological agent because of unsure stableness outside of animate being host. Symptoms, looking two or three yearss after exposure, include high febrility, craze, terrible articulation hurting, shed blooding from organic structure openings, and paroxysms, followed by decease. No known intervention. Decision Russia, China, and Iraq are merely a few of the states who are suspected in hive awaying biological and chemical agents. It is even rumoured that North Korea is researching on their ain biological and chemical installation. As engineering progresss, the equipment needed to hive away and bring forth biological and chemical arms will go common. The menace of a chemical and biological war in the close hereafter is extremely improbable, but if there was a war there would be chemical and biological pathogens involved. It is of import for authoritiess to recognize that the usage of CBW is immoral and work together to censor the storage, production or launch of any pathogen. Who knows, the following clip you are on your day-to-day path to the office, you might happen it difficult to take a breath.

Adolescence Essays - Childhood, Adolescence, Educational Psychology

Adolescence Adolescence for me is the period within human life when most of a person's characteristics are changing from childlike to adultlike. Changes in the body are the most observable occurring at this stage. Other kinds of developments take place such as, intellectual, academic. Social and spiritual. Physical Selves During the phase of Adolescence, girls body is changing in size, shape, and hormonal structure. Adolescent girls focus on their changing bodies. They feel, look and act differently. Absorbing all these changes is very difficult. The preoccupation with bodies at this age cannot be overstated. Small flaws become obsessions. Just at this point that their bodies are becoming rounder, girls are told that thin is beautiful, even imperative. Girls in this stage feel an enormous pressure to be beautiful and are aware of constant evaluations of their appearance. The movie "Welcome to the dollhouse" illustrates this phenomena. Dane had never worried who was popular or attractive, but with puberty everything changed. Her clssmates suddenly started to tease her because of how she looked. All of asudden, her looks mattered. Her nickname was "dogface," and they called her like this to her face. She was largely ignored by the other kids. Her self-esteem started to crumble as she experienced rejections. At this stage of life, girls who are unpopular, are discriminated. And popular almost always is tied with being beautiful. In this case, Dane was seen as ugly by her classmates and worst of all without an identify. This was the reason why she was left out of social life and missed the developmental experiences adolescents most need at this stage of their life. Dane was starting to notice the importance of physical appearance in order to be accepted by people. Even with her parents this was an issue. Her parents were always paying their undivided attention to their youngest child and not to Dane. Therefore Dane tied it up as "she is pretty that is why they love her, I am ugly, that is why they don't love me as much, and don't care about me." This issue created Dane a lot of distress and made her adolescent stage, even more difficult than what it is. Parental Support Dane did not receive the parental support an adolescent girl is supposed to receive. Her parents did not do all they could do, to help her through her adolescence. They did not encourage Dane to be true to herself. She needed their support and their unconditional love, in order to overcome the difficulties she was facing in her adolescent stage. Dane was experiencing pain at this stage, and that pain she blamed on others, her parents, sister, etc. And eventually that pain that she was feeling was expressed as anger. This anger was mislabeled by her parents and was seen as rebellion. Her parents did no realize that her anger was a mask of a severe rejection of herself. Dane lacked both her mother's and father's guidance and love through this difficult period of her life. For example all the attention was always given to either her older brother or her youngest sister, but never to her. Her mother always pointed out that she did not have friends. When her sister disappeared, she thought she was going to steel the attention her parents gave to her, but she was wrong. Her parents were too depressed to put any attention on her. Even when she goes out to look for her sister, and disappears for one day, no one notices nor cares, because her sister has already appeared and they are very occupied with her. Adolescence is a time when development and culture put enormous stress on girls. So many things are happening at once, and therefore it is very important for them, the support, love and guidance that their parents give them. In the case of Dane, she was in desperate need of emotional nourishment. They should have taught Dane about sex, menstruation, birth control, etc., etc. Sexual Harassment During Adolescence girls face two major issues, one is coming to terms with their own sexuality, defining sexual self. The other issue concern the dangers girls face of being sexually assaulted. In the Adolescent stage, many girls complain about sexual harassment in schools. The content of this harassment's are both sexual and aggressive; rude and controlling. Often harassment's extend beyond remarks to touching. In the case of the film "Welcome to the Dollhouse" where this kid always harasses Dane because he knows he can control her, and that makes him feel powerful. And because

Mary Whiton Calkins essays

Mary Whiton Calkins essays Mary Whiton Calkins was born on March 30, 1863 in Hartford, Connecticut, but spent most of her childhood in Buffalo, New York. Mary was the oldest of five children born to her Puritan mother and minister father. According to some sources, Calkins father had a great distrust of public education, and preferred educating his children by boarding them with French and German families. It is recorded, though, that Mary Calkins graduated from an established high school in Newton, Massachusetts. Calkins indicated her interest in philosophy in high school by writing a graduation essay entitled "The Apology Plato should have written: a vindication of the character Xantippi." Johnson, 1997 Calkins entered Smith College in 1882 as a sophomore, but left the following spring when her sister became ill and died. She remained home the following academic year, studying Greek and tutoring two of her younger brothers. Calkins re-entered Smith College in the fall of 1984 with senior standing and graduated the following spring with a degree concentrated in classics and philosophy. (Johnson, 1997) After Calkins graduation from Smith, she spent a year studying social and economic issues with a womens organization called the Newton Social Science Club. Calkins researched her first paper entitled Sharing the Profits (1888), during this period (Johnson, 1997). The following year, Calkins, and her family went on a journey to Europe where Calkins attended Leipzig University for a short while and studied with Wilhelm Wundt. (McHenry, 1995). The Calkins family traveled on to Greece where Mary studied Modern Greek (Johnson, 1997). Calkins began her career in academia immediately upon her return when she was offered a position as a Greek teacher at Wellesley College. During her time at Wellesley, Calkins made her interests in philosophy known and she was recommended to fulfill the position of teaching courses i...

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Compare and contrast two opposite cases where Web 2.0 tools have been used to build an identity and encourage participation, and explain why you think one was successful and the other wasnt - Essay Example What is common in both the viewpoints is the idea that the new developments in information and communication technologies certainly change the way we interact, civic engagement and community creation. The participation has the ability and potential to make the difference. The awareness about the possibilities of participation is a defining feature of the present democratic societies. â€Å"The crisis of political participation† is the product of the dilemmas of this awareness on participation (Bryan, Tsagarousianou and Tambini, 1998, p. 3). However, more electronic democracy could only be achieved through universal availability of internet and open discourses on internet. According to Bryan, Tsagarousianou and Tambini (1998), although access to information network is a public right, the cost and private ownership of such infrastructure and technologies lead to a tension between both. Bughin, Chui, and Johnson have asserted that â€Å"companies will need a combination of incentives of encourage customer participation† (2008, p.28). In the case study of Coloplast’s web supported community of health care practitioners, it has been found that â€Å"web communities in the professional market build on preexisting communities, enabling community members to intensify the activities of the community to expand its reach† (Andersen, 2005, p. 49). It could be seen as an example of identity building and community creation. In the content analysis of the sites and blogs for the 10 Democratic candidates in the 2004 US presidential election, it has been revealed that â€Å"candidates promoted interactivity online through technical means such as enabling asynchronous feedback in blog comments as well as fostering an environment of participation through textual appeals and strategy† (Trammel, 2006, p.42). Here, there in no actual participation, just networking for the purpose of vote

Stress among college freshmen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Stress among college freshmen - Essay Example The results of this study indicate that social media is proving effective at reaching a myriad of customers throughout the United Kingdom in ways that traditional forms of advertising simply no longer can accomplish. Social media allows the small business owner to effectively target a specific demographic group often and with consistency, and with a minimum of expense. At the same time, social media also enables prospective customers to virtually interact with small business owners to gain answers to their questions before visiting a shop, thereby increasing the likelihood that they will not only become a customer, but a loyal one at that. This qualitative and exploratory study has been conducted to discuss the changing behaviours of the UK consumer and to have a conversation related to the efficacy of social media marketing for small businesses moving forward. The global marketplace today is increasingly competitive and fierce. Businesses are no longer competing with one another in a specific geographic locale, but they are literally up against shops of a similar orientation nations away. The small business is particularly impacted because of the difficulty they often experience in attracting and maintaining customer loyalty. Customer behaviour is such today that individuals desire a business that caters to their specific needs and meets them where they are. As a result, the reality of the situation today is that small businesses are literally in a fight for their lives that only the fittest will survive. The problem is compounded in saturated areas, such as in the United Kingdom, where it is often difficult to get a marketing message heard over the myriad of voices competing for a limited number of customers (Damoiseau, Black, & Raggio, 2013). While it is true that there are many possible solutions to this dilemma,

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay

Competitive Corporate Strategy Strategy In Context Commerce Essay The very definition of strategy is elusive as there are many different opinions on what strategy actually involves. Often a generalised description is given such as top managements plans to attain outcomes consistent with the organisations missions and goals (Wright et al., 1993, p3). However, De Wit and Meyer (2010) state There is no simple answer to the question of what strategy is. They continue to describe strategy in terms of three main dimensions: process, content and context. These are referred to as the input, throughput and output of strategy, or the How, the What and the Where. Each of these dimensions should be regarded as parts of the whole and while one can focus ones attention on any single dimensions it should never the less be in regard to the interaction with the other two (De Wit Meyer, 2010). Accordingly it is with this proviso that this report looks at the strategy process. The complexity and contradictions of strategy with regard to the above mentioned dimensions offer many different strategy perspectives, often contradicting one another. This gives rise to particular tensions and result in strategic paradoxes that are best analysed using a dialectical approach (De Wit Meyer, 2010). By analysing two opposing points of view the strategist can identify the tension as a paradox and reconcile the opposites as best as possible, hopefully arriving at a best of both worlds conclusion. Figure . Tension as a paradox (Aidan ODriscoll, 1986) 3.0 The Strategy Process 3.0.1 Aspects of the Strategy Process De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify strategy process in terms of how, who and when. How is the strategy to be made, who is involved and when do such strategic activities take place? Many argue that the strategic process is not linear, such as in analysis, formulation and implementation, it is more intuitive and creative. It is considered that there are three areas of the strategic process: strategic thinking, strategy formation and strategic change but that these are not phases, stages or elements of the strategic process but rather different aspects of the strategy process, which are linked and overlap ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Figure . Aspects of the Strategy Process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) Foe each of the strategy topics certain paradoxes can be identified and associated with two complementary perspectives. Figure . Strategy topics, paradoxes and perspectives ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) For each of the strategy topics case studies (or short case studies) have been used to illustrate the strategic dichotomies that exist and show how the individual companies implemented the opposing types of strategic perspectives. 3.0.2 Strategic Thinking De Wit and Meyer (2010, p 53) suggest that managers must go through a strategic reasoning process in order to find ways to resolve the challenges of strategic problems. This strategic reasoning is a string of strategic thinking activities directed at defining and resolving strategic problems. The cognitive activities involved in strategic thinking are categorised as defining a strategic problem and solving a strategic problem. As can be seen in Figure 4 below defining constitutes identification and diagnosis while solving consists of conception and realisation. However, the thought processes adopted by managers do not always follow such a formulated and logical ideal. It is often a case of a mixture of structured analytical process combined with intuitive reflection. Figure . Elements of a strategic reasoning process ( De Wit Meyer, 2010) It is this mixture of opposites, analysis and intuition, in varying degrees that create a tension and produces a paradox of logic and creativity. Logical thinking involves analysing empirical facts, formulating strategic options and subjecting them to formal evaluation (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This allows the manager to understand what is actually happening rather than what is perceived to be happening, based on habits, routines, and personal beliefs. Generative reasoning and creative thinking describe the use of intuition to bypass the restrictions of logical thinking to make leaps of imagination and create new ways of looking at old problems (De Wit Meyer, 2010). This is not without substance; such reasoning is based on knowledge gained through education, experience and interaction with others. This knowledge resides in the form of cognitive maps (Tolman, E., cited by Downs and Stea, 2005) which combined with observed behaviour can then lead to the prediction of behaviour (Eden, 1992). The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking is further discussed in Appendix 1 where two short case studies are used to compare the different approaches applied by Berkshire Hathaway (rational reasoning perspective) and Google (generative reasoning perspective). 3.0.3 Strategy Formation Strategy formation is concerned with realising both strategic formulation and strategic action. It encompasses intended strategy (a pattern of decisions) and realised strategy (a pattern of actions) (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). This concedes that strategy is a pattern as in a consistency of behaviour over time (Mintzberg et al, 2009, p 10). While still using the four elements of a strategic reasoning process discussed earlier (See Fig 4) there are additional activities that can be further developed into eight basic building blocks of strategic formation process (Fig. 5). Figure . The main strategy formation activities (De Wit and Myer, 2010) Who carries out strategic formation in an organisation varies from CEOs to those on the shop floor. De Wit and Meyer (2010) identify three variations in who carries out these activities: Top vs. middle vs. bottom roles Line vs. staff roles Internal vs. external roles De Wit and Meyer (2010) also give a warning regarding a formalised strategic planning system. While this can give a framework for the setting of tasks and responsibilities etc it can also become over bureaucratic and not only stifle innovation and creativity but become a means of demotivation. Mintzberg et al. (2009) identifies a formalisation edge where a structured, formalised system has a break-point, after which instead of supporting strategic activities it begins to become intrusive. Figure . The formalisation edge (Mintzberg et al, 2009) Mintzberg (1987) argues that definitions of strategy as a plan and strategy as a pattern (of behaviour) can be independent of each other. He describes a planned strategy as intended strategy and a pattern of strategy as realised strategy. This allows us to distinguish between deliberate strategy, where previous intentions were realised and emergent strategies, where patterns developed without prior intention (or unrealised intentions). Figure . Deliberate and emergent strategies (Mintzberg, 1987) The tension between deliberate strategy and emergent strategy are discussed in Appendix 2 in relation to the case studies of Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services. 3.0.3 Strategic Renewal Organisations change, whether to maintain competition with its rivals, change through innovation in technology or the changing environment of the business. Growth itself is dependent upon change and management of such changes is paramount. Clarke (1994) states Change is an accelerating constant (cited by Senior et al, 2006). De Wit and Mayer (2010) suggest that change can be strategic or operational stating that While operational changes are necessary to maintain the business and organisational systems, strategic changes are directed at renewing them. Organisational structure, organisational processes and organisational culture are the pillars on which the business system stands (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). The hierarchy of a company, its policies and procedures and its shared beliefs determine the companys capabilities, what type of renewal it is capable of and how such renewal can be managed and implemented. Much of these organisational components are hidden within the company as informal elements and requires careful consideration to identify accurately the true situation within a company (see Fig. 8). Figure . The Iceberg Model (Senior and Swailes, 2010) There is a distinction in particular between disruptive change and gradual change. Revolutionary and evolutionary are used here to describe the paradox between these two types of changes (Greiner, 1972). De Wit and Meyer (2010) state that it is widely accepted that a balance is required between Strategic (revolutionary) change and operational (evolutionary) change. Figure . Types of change (Prime Ministers Strategy Unit, 2010) Appendix 3 discusses the application of change in the case study on Ferrari Transforming the Prancing Horse. 4.0 Conclusion The tensions that are apparent throughout the strategy process and their resultant paradoxes suggest strategic activities are either of one side of the paradox or the other. In some case this may be accurate; the acquisition of a company by another may well, though not always, constitute a revolutionary, big bang, change where fundamental changes are made across each company in a relatively short space of time. However, in order to facilitate the actual implementation of the change and to provide some consistency during and after such a change will require the adaption of existing systems, processes and procedures within each company. This suggests that even in such a situation there is a combination of strategic approaches both revolutionary and evolutionary, indicating that a pluralistic approach is required to develop, implement, manage and sustain change. It can also be seen that even with such paradoxes as logic vs. creativity there is a balance between the two in how they are applied. In the short case study for Google, for example, it is clear that this is a highly creative organisation with a deliberate strategy of promoting free thinking, but within boundaries. These boundaries allow for intuition and creativity but only within a cooperate structure that is very much aligned to the business model and its goal to sustain and increase the companys profitability. It would also seem that few strategies are purely deliberate or purely emergent; there is generally a mixture of the two to some degree. Strategies have to form as well as be formulated (Mintzberg et al., 2009). So, in essence, it is the decision of the strategist to reconcile these opposites, decide what sort of balance is to be made and provide the best of both worlds solutions. References De Wit Meyer. (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Andover, Hampshire, UK: Cengage. Aidan ODriscoll. (1986). Exploring paradox in marketing: managing ambiguity towards synthesis. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Journal of Business Industrial Marketing: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1657811show=html Buttel, M. (2010, March 3rd). 10 years on:When the bubble burst. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Financial Service Technology: http://www.fsteurope.com/news/when-the-bubble-burst/ Downs, R. and Stea. D. (2005). Image Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Eden, C. (1992, May). Journal of Management Studies. Retrieved March 20th, 2011, from Wiley online Library: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00664.x/ Greiner, L. (1972). Evolution and Revolution as Organisations Grow. Harvard Business Review. Mintzberg, H. (1987). The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps For Strategy. California Business Review , 13. Mintzberg. H, and Alhstrand. B, and Lampel. J. (2009). Strategy Safari. Harlow: Pearson Education. Prime Ministers Strategy Unit. (2010). Change Management in Practice. Retrieved March 20th, 2010, from Strategy Survival Guide: http://interactive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/survivalguide/skills/pd_change.htm Wilson, I. (2010). From scenario thinking to stratgic action. In D. w. Meyer, Corporate strategy: process, content, context (p. 153 to 157). Andover: Thomas Renvoize. Wright, P., Pringle, C., and Kroll, M. (1992). Strategic Management: Text and Cases. Needham Heights, Massachusetts, USA: Allyn and Bacon. Appendix 1 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking 1) The Rational Reasoning Perspective Two short cases studies have been used from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). The first is Exhibit 2.2 (p66), The Rational Reasoning Perspective Berkshire Hathaway:Not Outside the Box (2009). The study introduces Warren Buffett (The sage of Omaha), a highly sucessful investor and owner of the insurance and investment conglomarate Berkshire Hathaway. Although at his peak as an investor in the 1980s and 1990s it was regarded that he had failed to grasp the investment potential of the new paradigm for the Information Age based on the Internet . Instead he continued to invest in established old firms, such as Coca Cola and Gillette and completely avoided the opportunity to invest in Internet stocks, which he regarded as chain letters. As the dotcom boom subsided it was clear that the volume of those trying to exploit the opportunity had far outweighed the actual performance of the companies involved. It is not accurate to say the dotcom boom was a failure, those that had good business models succeeded spectacularly (such as Google, Amazon, Wikipedia sites eBay) but it is clear that the over investment was not justified and that many companies were just not generating enough profits to continue. There were added complications such as the US Federal Reserve had increased its interest rate six times over 1999 and the beginning of 2000, the federal court decision that Microsoft was a monopoly as well as the bellwether (or barometer stock the stock of a company that is regarded as a leader in its given industry) sale of high tech stock shares of March 10th 2000. These include selling of shares of Cisco, IBM, and Dell etc. and while coincidental to the actual dotcom boom itself would have undermined further the confidence in an already falling market (Buttel, 2010) Buffetts insistence on sticking to a formula he understood and was well proven enabled him to escape the ravages of the dotcom bubble burst and instead of being derided as being outdated was again lauded as a canny investor. This was not the first time Buffet had gone against the trend, in 1969 he avoided the stock market frenzy which other investors had thrown themselves into, declaring I am out of step with present conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦On one point however I am clear. I will not abandon previous approaches whose logic I understand. Again, in 2008, Buffett went completely against the trend and, in the worst recession since the Great Depression (1929 to 1940) and despite already loosing up to 25 billion USD of market value within one year invested 5 billion USD in Goldman Sachs, quoting Today my money and my mouth both say equities. Buffett states his reason for his success as including: Analyse the company to separate investment from speculation Meticulously diagnose the sustainability of the competitive advantage of the company Stay away from ill-understood businesses in fast-changing environments Understanding that risk comes from not knowing what you are doing He is also wary of those witch doctors proposing to be scientific and rational while selling investment advice. Buffetts criterion for investment is a highly structured analytical method which appears almost devoid of any type of intuitive or innovative behaviour. It is based upon consistent, well tried decision making that refuses to stray away from what has been a successful formula. He is, without doubt, following a strategic reasoning process in a highly formulated and logical manner. It is obviously a successful formula for Berkshire Hathaway but there must be some doubt about whether such a rigid style is suitable for other companies without the existence of such a charismatic character as warren Buffett at its helm. And this raises its own questions: is the strategic thinking deployed by Buffett as rigid as it would first appear? Is there actually an element of intuitiveness inherent behind the strategy? Would someone else, using the same formula for investment, come up with the same results, or is the presence of Buffett in the mix the catalyst that makes for a successful formula? 2) The Generative Reasoning Perspective This uses the short case study Exhibit 2.3 (p69), The Generative Reasoning Perspective Google: Experiment in Anarchy. Google, as mention previously, is one of the companies that managed to sucessfully navigate out of the dotcom era. Since 1998 it has continued to grow to over 22,000 employees and over 22 billion USD (figures for 2008). Googles missionto organise the worlds information and make it universally acceptable and usefull. No idle boast, Google has introduced a phenominal range of products which has allowed it to achieve its stated mission, so much so that in 2006 the Oxfor English Dictionary include the verb: Google : intr. To use the Google search engine to find information on the Internet. trans. To search for information about (a person or thing) using the Google search engine. (OED, 2010). Googles innovative company structure includes Google labs, small teams working on ideas and experimenting with possible solutions. Sharing all its development across its teams and allowing other teams to make suggestions and give feedback feed the innovative and intuition that is the hallmark of Googles success.There 70/20/10 model allows for 70% of a persons time to be spent on mainstream business activities, 20% on new, approved projects and, perhaps the most innovative of all, the remaining 10% on developing personal projects as dreams as long as it is in line with the spirit of the core company value to do no evil. The strategy of creativity with generative reasoning is clear and has had a fundamental effect on the success of Google and its impressive employment record. The bottom-up approach certainly allows for innovation and resulting ideas to be turned into working applications within relatively short timeframes. Googles CEO, Eric Schmidt states we dont have a traditional strategy planning process, like youd find in traditional technical companies and while this may be true this does not mean that there is no planning or indeed a lack of a structured strategic process. Perhaps the final paragraph of this case study is most telling. Jim Lewinski, Googles managing director, states Creativity loves constraintà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.let people explore, but set clear boundaries for that exploration. Rationality is not absent in Googles strategy, it is just tempered with the culture of innovation. Unlike Buffetts rigid and controlling influence of Berkshire Hathaway, Google has a far more flexible strategic approach that, given the continuation of its established company culture, will continue to thrive no matter who is at the helm. Appendix 2 The paradox of generative reasoning and creative thinking Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services A case study has been used for this analysis from the course book De Wit Meyer (2010). Strategy: Process, Content, Context (Vol. 4th). Strategic Planning at United Parcel Services By David A. Garvin and Lynne C. Levesque (pp 702 to 718). United Parcel Services (UPS) has grown from its beginnings in 1907 to a 37 billion USD global corporation with a workforce of over 384,000, over 3,500 retail locations in the US alone and servicing more than 200 countries. In addition it has its own airline (UPS Airlines) which is ranked the 10 largest in the world (figures as of 2005). The companys founder, Jim Casey, developed a reputation for running the company like a military operation. With an emphasis on efficiency and discipline UPS developed a culture of continuous improvement, which Casey called constructive dissatisfaction. UPSs workforce was known for its longevity; all the companys CEOs were time-served and had risen through the company from the lowest ranks. Until the early 1990s it is started that UPS had no actual formal strategic planning process, although in the mid-1970s a decision had been made to expand the company globally and over the following ten years resulted in the forming of a Strategic Technology Group charged with developing technological solutions. In the early 1990s it was recognised that the companys execution mentality was hindering managements ability to see significant changes in the environment. This led to the setting up of a Strategic Advisory Group in 1996 to consider and debate strategic issues. In addition another group, CSG, was setup to develop strategic processes for planning for the future. From these activities the company began developing its own strategic process using scenario planning, strategic planning and support for strategic decision-making and strategy implementation. Although using multiple tools and methodologies the approach was made to work, this was helped by the continued support of the CEO who was himself regarded as the chief strategist. A major aspect of UPSs strategy from 1997 was to adoption of scenario planning. This is a management tool designed to explore what could happen given certain situations. Creating different scenarios allows managing to have a better understanding of possible events and help in the decision making process. The aim of scenarios is to develop a resilient strategy within the frameworks of alternative futures provided by the scenarios (Wilson, 2010). The use of scenario planning had been popularised after an article by Peter Wack in 1985, describing a scenario building exercise at Royal Dutch Shell (Mintzberg et at., 1990) The use of these scenarios had a fundamental impact on the company. They defined the companys new corporate charter, a change in the companys mission statement, identification of key themes and insights, the creation of a platform for management and discussions and, according to the authors of this case study, a mind-set shift for at least some managers. In 2002 the company developed their Centennial Plan, a long term strategic plan to take the company not just into their 100th year but also into the new millennium. The plan developed four key strategic imperatives: Winning team Value-added solutions Customer focus Enterprise excellence To support this Strategic Road Map was formulated which formed teams to work on specific strategic areas. Each team broke down its imperative to 24 discrete projects (critical initiatives), themselves supported by more than one hundred specific projects. Because of the complexity of the plan John McDevitt was brought in (from being Vice President of Air Operations) to be in charge of strategic integration. In 2002 the company developed their use of scenarios further to extend its focus into the new millennium. While understanding the limitations of scenario planning it allowed for creative thinking within a planning environment. This would seem to be a situation where formal planning, a deliberate strategy, works with the help of an instrumentalist, emergent approach. While scenario planning, in name and nature is very much part of the planning school of thought the creativity of thought applied and the adaption of scenarios to develop further scenarios is very much an incrementalist approach. UPS, while using a planned approach to strategy, are also encourage the use of innovation within their strategic thinking.

Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

This article talks about Cognitive-Behavior therapy and using prayer and scripture appropriately, how to approach using biblical/ Christian values in therapy. The journal also talks about an historical overview of behavioral therapy, throughout the years. The commentary discusses the two component of mindfulness, in which the first component engages self-guidance concentration and the second component engages implementing a meticulous direction that is distinguish by interest. He discusses the eight main features of the Christian approach to cognitive-behavior therapy. It also describes clear and unclear integration of scripture and prayer in â€Å"CBT†. The author speaks about the assessment process to determining the use of the Christian approach or standard approach in Cognitive Behavior therapy. The article explains the seven steps for inner healing prayer, but also says that it might not work for a more troubled individual. The Intervention section of the article covers different kinds of prayer and the diverse elements of prayer. Siang-Yang Tan explains in detail a case of a client dealing with depression, he also illustrated a word for word transcript on how the Bible, scripture and prayer was used in the clients therapy session. Siang-Yang Tan also says that â€Å"as with prayer, Scripture can also be misused or abused in therapy. However, the appropriate and ethical use of Scripture or the Bible in Christian CBT by a sensitive and prayerful therapist can be of significant help to Christian clients who seriously take the Bible to be the inspired Word of God and their ultimate authority in life (Tan, 1996). Interaction I became very interested in this journal after reading through the titles for the other journals, this one seemed so fascinating to me. I was also looking at journal article â€Å"Prayer in Counseling† in which I decided to make my second journal assignment. I started reading with the expectation of learning how to use prayer and scripture in therapy. By reading this article I learned of the historical overview of how prayer and scripture became a part of therapy. I also learned of the ethical and proper uses of prayer and scripture during â€Å"CBT† and also had a chance to read the illustration of different therapy sessions using different Christian approaches. It was very pleasing to see the key features of biblical approaches used in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. I learned of the difference between Implicit and Explicit integration in therapy and it was used. Learning of how to conduct a pre-intervention assessment to establish the method of whether to use Standard or Christian CBT was very helpful. I discovered about the seven steps to inner healing prayer and how it might not be a good idea to use these methods on a more psychotic client. I would definitely want to research the use of scripture and prayer a little more and how effective it is in treating clients. I am glad to see that it actually help the client in the article and also how he showed his method of doing so with Christian CBT. It is so exciting to see that Biblical or Christian values can help heal a client. I would absolutely love working in a Christian Counseling setting where I would be able to share and teach a client about the Lord and still help them get through whatever crisis they might have.

You’re a Kid No Matter What

Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with it s spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alr eadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C.E. Pgs.Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C.E. Pgs.Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyz e the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spre ad of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs.Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadyd ominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong You’re a Kid No Matter What Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with it s spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alr eadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C.  E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian O cean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C.  E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of stron g Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs.Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong.

Recognize an Ethical Issue (Software Sharing) - 1119 Words

Case Study 2: Software Sharing Recognize an Ethical Issue 1. Is there something wrong personally, interpersonally, or socially? Could the conflict, the situation, or the decision be damaging to people or to the community? 2. Does the issue go beyond legal or institutional concerns? What does it do to people, who have dignity, rights, and hopes for a better life together? The software sharing is certainly an ethical issue, since the company is merely non-existing with no more information available. Personally Jim and I should not share or the program even though the program is out of print. Socially illegal use of the program for business purposes will potentially hurt business client, in which deserve a legal software usage. The†¦show more content†¦However, this solution will be difficult to Jim since he has buy his computer and buying a new one will directly affect his cash flow. 9. Which option would help all participate more fully in the life we share as a family, community, society? Common Good Approach: The ethical action is the one that contributes most to the achievement of a quality common life together. Let Jim to use my computer in my place will be an ethical decision that will produce biggest achievement of a quality common life together. 10. Would you want to become the sort of person who acts this way (e.g., a person of courage or compassion)? Virtue Approach: The ethical action is the one that embodies the habits and values of humans at their best. Jim should not even thinking of using my computer in my place and he should make a research to find other program options. Even though he will spend more money and probably make a lost in this project, he has to respect program C maker, me and his client by not letting them run into legal issues. Make a Decision and Test It 11. Considering all these perspectives, which of the options is the right or best thing to do? By letting Jim to use my computer in my place with prior efforts to do best in contacting program C software maker, this is the best ethical action can be done. 12. If you told someone you respect why you chose this option, whatShow MoreRelatedEssay Intellectual Property and Copyrights Issues in China1536 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual Property and Copyrights Issues in China 1. Introduction China had made great improvement in deregulation and had complied with its obligations to follow rules and agreements such as Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as a new member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 2001. TRIPS introduced intellectual property rules into the multilateral trading system. 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